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Are you considering launching your very own e-shop? Then you have a couple of decisions ahead of you, that will either make the future expansion of your business easier or a hell of a lot more complicated. 

Take a look whether it pays off to use a ready-made e-shop solution or if it’s better to have it custom made. We’ll also cover why you shouldn’t underestimate hosting and how to select the best hosting provider. 

What is an e-shop?

An e-shop is not only what the customer sees on their screen. In the background, many processes are unfolding, that affect the quality of customer experience and thus the profitability of the e-shop. Among other things, an e-shop consists of a piece of code that forms the entire e-shop application. However, even the server this application runs on is a part of the e-shop, as well as connectivity and last but not least the human factor. 

Complex approach to e-shops

At vshosting~, we look at every e-shop holistically: the client hands us his e-shop application (i.e. the code) and we analyze it thoroughly. We are looking for weaknesses in the application, that could pose problems, for example, when the e-shop is experienced heavy traffic as a result of an intensive marketing campaign.

Based on our findings, we provide the client and their developers with possible recommendations on what to improve on the application side, while minimizing the weaknesses by designing the most appropriate hosting solution and architecture on our side.

After the migration to our managed solution, we take care of all operations related to hosting and server infrastructure. The client can focus only on his business and can always rely on that his e-shop not only runs but that it runs quickly and safely.

E-shop creation: ready-made vs. own solution

The beginning e-shop owner asks himself a simple question: where do I get the e-shop? Nowadays, the options are plentiful but the primary choice is between opting for a ready-made e-shop solution (e.g. from Shopsys or Shoptet) and having the e-shop custom developed.

Ready-made e-shop advantages

  • low price 
  • perfectly suitable in the beginning 
  • stable solution
  • no need for deep technical knowledge
  • simple implementation
  • fast realization (a functional e-shop in a matter of minutes)
  • the provider deals with legislation too (GDPR etc.)

Custom made e-shop advantages

  • more suitable for a quick expansion
  • individualization as needed
  • option to use many plug-ins
  • choice from a wide array of frameworks
  • code ownership

So is a ready-made solution better or should you opt for a custom made e-shop? As they say: it depends.

You need to consider whether you want to have a smaller e-shop (a ready-made solution is great here) or whether you have a vision of rapid international expansion (the ready-made solution not such a great idea anymore). It is also important how specific your e-shop design and functionality requirements are – if very specific, you’ll need to go with a custom design. Should you choose to have your e-shop custom-designed, you also need to take into account that you’ll have to be more invested in the technical side of things and legal stuff. Unsurprisingly, a custom solution is also more expensive. 

E-shop hosting options 

If you choose to use a ready-made e-shop solution, your worries about choosing hosting end there (which does not mean that hosting can’t cause trouble for you), because the e-shop solution provider will include hosting in the overall package. However, you cannot avoid choosing a hosting solution and provider if you decide to have your e-shop custom-made.

When it comes to hosting, you can pretty much choose from four options: web hosting, VPS (virtual private server), dedicated server or managed server. Let’s take a closer look at each of them.

Web hosting

Web hosting is a beginner’s classic because it is the most affordable solution with very fast and easy implementation. It is shared hosting, where, for example, 100 projects share a single server. The disadvantage is that heavy traffic directed to any of the other 99 projects can adversely affect your e-shop’s performance and you can’t do anything about it at all. Webhosting does not provide any (or only small) guarantees and does not have ultra-fast (or ultra-professional) support. Therefore, for an e-shop or any other slightly more demanding website that is intended to sell something, web hosting cannot be recommended.

VPS

In the case of a virtual private server, your e-shop has dedicated hardware parameters, ie. you don’t share resources with anyone. The price is a little higher than in the case of web hosting, but in exchange, you get much better control over performance, more flexibility and even the option of hosting management. Therefore, in our experience, VPS is perfectly suitable when you’re just starting out with your e-shop.

Dedicated server

If you need more performance than a VPS can provide, it pays to invest in your own dedicated physical solution: a dedicated server. With a dedicated server, you have full control over its performance, and the unit of power will cost you less at that level of volume than it would with a VPS.

Managed server

A managed server is basically a dedicated server along with complete solution management. If you don’t want to deal with your own DevOps, just focus on your business and still be sure your e-shop runs smoothly at all times, a managed solution is the best choice.

Server management

If you have e-shop custom-made, you can come across an offer from the developer studio that they will also manage it (including hosting). In our experience, this is not optimal, with rare exceptions, because the solution management is not the main activity of the creator of the application, who tries to simplify it as much as possible. In contrast, a hosting provider that is primarily focused on managing your server solution has the highest security as a priority.

For this reason, at vshosting~, we recommend separating the application creator (developer studio, etc.) from the server solution manager (a company specializing in hosting).

How to choose the best hosting provider

Choosing the right hosting provider is more important than many e-shoppers think. Many of them make decisions only based on price, and after the first outage they find out that all of the money saved and much more gets “paid” in lost profits.

Of course, price matters, but besides it, we recommend that you pay attention to references from other e-shoppers when choosing a hosting provider. Another important factor is the contractual guarantees of individual providers – do they guarantee 99%+ availability? fast reaction times in case of a problem? quick server repair if something goes wrong?

The level of support is also not negligible – it can be easily accessible nonstop but if the phone gets picked up by a temporary worker who knows about servers about as much as he does about the aerodynamics of the blue jay, it may not be very useful to you. At vshosting~, we are well aware of this and that is why our senior administrators and technicians are always available directly in our datacenter.

Last but not least, it is also advisable to ask how the hosting provider is prepared to deal with outages. Because if something is for sure, it is that each server breaks down at a certain point.

Outages can be prevented in many cases. For those unexpected and unpreventable outages, solving them as fast as possible is essential. It is important that your hosting provider of choice implemented appropriate internal processes, built redundancy directly into the solution (backup servers, etc.), and uses correct software architecture and network security (i.e. protection against cyberattacks).

The takeaways

1) decide in the beginning what you’re aiming to achieve with your e-sho

2) no e-shop should use web hosting

3) separate the developers and managers of your e-shop

4) when choosing a hosting provider, look into references and contractual guarantees


Damir Špoljarič

E-shop development costs can climb up to millions, not to mention the time such development requires. Therefore, it is especially important that such investment isn’t made in vain.

At vshosting~, we host thousands of e-shops and have seen a lot in our 13 years on the market. That’s why we put together a list of things we recommend our clients to watch out for when developing an e-shop. Provided their goal is to maximize the return on their investment, that is.

How to Approach the Overall App Design

Stick to Tried and Tested Technologies

There’s a good chance your developers will try to persuade you that proven technologies are “old and boring” and that you should use some new hot tech instead. Here it’s important to back up for a moment and consider this: brand new technologies are indeed cool but also carry a significant risk of becoming obsolete within a year or two.

Should that become the unfortunate reality, incompatibility with many systems necessary for your e-shop operation would ensue. As would, of course, the issue with trying to find developers who are able to work with such niche tech. All this combined would lead to a compromised functionality of your e-shop and, as a result, to loss of revenue.

If you don’t feel comfortable taking that risk, we recommend you stick to the most popular technologies used to develop e-shops such as PHP, MySQL, ElasticSearch, MongoDB, or Redis.

Think about Horizontal Scalability

Undoubtedly, you’re developing your new e-shop with a vision of future growth. In order for your technical solution to keep the pace with increasing demand, it needs to be easily scalable. As a result, we recommend minimizing the use of relational databases and avoiding the ones that are difficult to scale (e.g. PostgreSQL) to our clients.

Another appropriate measure that makes horizontal scaling easier is the elimination of a shared file system and the use of object storage in its place. Just like a relational database, a shared file system can quickly become an unnecessary hindrance to growth.  

Don’t be Afraid to Develop Using Technologies in Testing

The development of a complex e-shop can easily take a year or two which is, given the lifecycle of many technologies, a rather long time. A nightmare scenario is that where after investing millions and spending 1-2 years developing, you launch your new e-shop only to find out it’s already pretty much technologically outdated.

In order to increase the length of your e-shop’s lifecycle, it is ideal for your developers to use new versions of proven technologies that are only in their testing phase. Thanks to that, your e-shop will age more slowly and the return on your investment will thus be much better.

Move on to Microservices

Monolithic (i.e. “built in one piece”) applications are on the decline in today’s development world, and for good practical reasons. Whenever you need to change or fix a part of such an application, it often leads to errors all over it. As a result, any changes or implementation of new features are very problematic.

For this reason, so-called microservices, thanks to which it is possible to develop sustainable applications with the option of only replacing their parts, are gaining popularity. If using microservices, your developers won’t spend all of their time fixing bugs and will be able to devote their efforts to developing new features instead.

Hidden Threats of E-shop Development

Technologies to Stay Clear of

Here are the top 3 technologies that can become a stumbling block when developing and operating an e-shop: Varnish, PostgreSQL, and Magento.

Varnish

Varnish is an application cache designed to speed up the application. However, an application that needs Varnish in order to run fast enough is quite suspicious. To give you the big picture, out of our thousands of clients only 2% use Varnish. Others don’t need it because their applications are fast enough without it.

PostgreSQL

As has been already mentioned with relation to horizontal scalability, PostgreSQL can very quickly become a hindrance for large e-shops. It is very difficult to scale and until today can’t do synchronous replica very well. Therefore, we recommend more scalable technologies for large e-shops (or small ones with the ambition to grow).

Magento

At vshosting~, we nicknamed Magento “solution for those with unlimited budgets and no need for scaling”. As you can imagine, we can’t in our experience recommend Magento to e-shops that aim to grow. While it does make development easier, it lacks scalability.

Watch out for Hidden Vendor Lock-in or Licences

Another threat to e-shop development can be too much dependence on an external service. Providers often make it difficult to migrate to another service in the event of issues or say a significant price increase. Interestingly, it tends to be quite easy to provide most of such services in-house. For example, a full-text search doesn’t need to be outsourced to an external service at all if you use ElasticSearch in-house.

A proprietary database is another such example: if it is custom-written to fit an external service, it cannot be transferred to another one. It is also important to watch out for licenses such as Java SDK.

How Not to Blow Money Invested in Advertising

Last but not least, here are a few pieces of technically-operational advice that’ll help you ensure that the money you invest in advertising will not be spent in vain due to the limitations of your e-shop.

Separate Development, Testing, and Production Environments

Tip number 1 is the separation of development, testing, and production environments. Production environment (i.e. the one making money) is sacred – one shouldn’t touch it unless absolutely necessary because each issue promptly turns into lost profit.

Developers should create new features in the development environment, then test them in the testing environment and only after that deploy them into production. Only by thoroughly testing things outside of production can you avoid the situation where a bug is discovered in production on a Friday night during Christmas shopping season.

Know the Limits of Your E-shop and Test Regularly

Presumably, we can all agree that only just discovering the limits of your e-shop shortly after launching a costly TV ad campaign is not the most opportune moment. Therefore, we recommend our clients to invest in so-called performance tests. Those serve to find limits and weaknesses by simulating high traffic to the website.

Moreover, good performance tests don’t only overload the application with traffic but emulate the behavior of an actual website visitor – e.g. by viewing product details, adding products to the shopping cart, full-text searching, etc. Thanks to that, you can find out more precisely where the weak spots of your web are and will be able to act on it accordingly.

Security (Beyond a Secure Application Design)

Not only due to GDPR is the old saying “security above all” more valid now than ever. Nowadays, if passwords are leaked from your e-shop, you risk having to pay a handsome fine and facing other legal consequences on top of losing the trust of your customers.

To minimize the risk of anything like that happening, we can recommend 3 most important measures to take:

  • Regular penetration tests (they test application weaknesses from a security standpoint)
  • AntiDDOS protection (just this year, we have noted over 1500 attacks on our clients’ webs, a large portion of which was conducted automatically)
  • Backups + the option of a quick restore (how long does it take to restore the system from backups? A few minutes or a few days?)

vshosting~

Magento is a powerful e-commerce platform offering everything you need to sell online. Besides the e-shop itself, it can manage stock, marketing, invoicing, and accounting. Currently, Magento comes in two versions: Magento Open Source (formerly Magento Community Edition) and Magento Commerce (for larger organizations with in-house developers). 

Magento is one of the most-used e-commerce platforms and is consistently highly rated by users. However, in order to run Magento correctly it’s necessary to have a developer who is experienced with such applications as well as an experienced hosting provider who knows how to optimize servers for Magento. 

The need for powerful hosting

As mentioned, it’s crucial not to underplay the importance of hosting when it comes to Magento. The platform is performance intensive and the hosting parameters must reflect that. Putting to one side the problems and errors within the application itself, the majority of problems with Magento are caused by a lack of power from the web server, or as the case may be, the environment where Magento is being run. Magento is slower and has a much higher volume of requests compared with other systems, but there are several ways to speed up the platform. 

Speeding Magento up

Magento cannot usually run directly on the web server, but instead it’s necessary to use a caching proxy (currently only Varnish is supported). 

If you wish to (as is standard these days) run a SSL version, it’s critical to put Nginx or another SSL terminator in front of the Varnish proxy. Regarding the web server itself, it’s possible to use Apache with a PHP module or Nginx with PHP-FPM. One of the most effective ways to speed up Magento is to use a PHP accelerator. For basic installations, APC is considered the best option. 

There are therefore two possible solutions:

  • NGINX → VARNISH → APACHE (PHP-MODULE + APC, Memcache, Redis) → MariaDB
  • NGINX → VARNISH → NGINX (PHP-FPM + APC, Memcache, Redis) → MariaDB

For a larger installation, it is appropriate to use Redis for the cache and as a session handler. If you choose to run the whole installation on one server, it’s imperative to have powerful hardware or hosting which directly supports Magento. PHP, MySQL and Varnish will all compete for memory, CPU and IOPS. 

Running Magento in a cluster

If you choose to run Magento in any kind of cluster mode (either because of power or high availability), Magento doesn’t account for this option by default. There are several ways to assemble the cluster:

  • The more complicated way is to use Varnish as a load balancer on each backend but then it is necessary to properly deal with cache invalidation and with other similar problems.
  • An easier way is to leave balancing to the Varnish cache, which is powerful enough on its own to be able to pass requests to several backends.

For cluster installations, it is also recommended to use a dedicated server for backend admin, for which, paradoxically, caching isn’t particularly desirable. For version 2 and below it is recommended that you enable the Magento Compilation function to speed up Magento storage. 

Our experience shows that the most common instances of slowdown are a result of the following application errors:

44% SQL queries within a loop

25% loading the same model multiple times

14% using a redundant data file

10% calculating the field size at each loop iteration

7% inefficient memory usage 

Conclusion: An experienced hosting provider and programmer will fine-tune how Magento runs

The advantages of Magento are that it is robust and universal. On the other hand, it is hard to ensure that it runs optimally. If you are considering using Magento for your e-shop, be sure that:

  1. Your programmer has experience with the Magento platform
  2. The hosting provider you choose knows how to fine-tune a server for Magento so that everything works perfectly without any loss of speed. 

vshosting~

Why website loading speed matters

Do you want to get as many visitors to your website as possible and have them stay there for a while? Then you need to make your site as fast as possible. Loading speed is one of the factors that affect how a site ranks in search results. In addition, the slow loading of the website is the main reason why visitors who have already reached the website will leave again quickly. And what if a slow or even broken website damages your business?

In addition, users are increasingly accessing the web from mobile devices, where slow loading is even more noticeable (and annoying) than on desktop.

Studies show that:

– 47% of users expect the page to load in 2 seconds
– 40% of users leave after 3 seconds of loading
– 46% of online users decide whether to return to the site based on its speed
– an optimized site should load within 3 seconds

How fast is your website?

Step 1 is figuring out whether you really have a problem with website loading speed. You’ll be able to assess that by using any of the following tools:

If you get a result of 3-second loading speed or more, we recommend you take a good look at why that is the case. There are many factors that can affect website speed. Here are the most common ones.

Major website slowers

Excessive website size

The larger the page, the longer it takes to load. The ideal page size is up to 3MB. Page size is affected by the number of images, videos, fonts, styles, and other graphic elements. If you have more than one image on the web, focus on compressing them. This can be facilitated by a wide range of plugins, such as Smush for WordPress.

No caching

Proper caching can effectively speed up the web. Caching is, simply put, the storage of information in specialized repositories, from where it is possible to work with them quickly, and therefore it does not have to be retrieved from remote servers.

One of the options is making use of a CDN. CDN is a network for faster content delivery. It helps speed up websites by storing static content (images, videos, HTML code,…) in key locations, reducing the distance between a visitor to your site and the server running the site. In addition, CDN storage works on the basis of fast SSD disks, thanks to which they not only provide a closer distribution of content to your users but also help in the speed of loading this content.

Too many HTTP requests

In order for a visitor to load your site at all, the visitor’s computer must establish a connection with the server on which your site is running. A large amount of data needed to display the site properly begins to flow through this connection. The more elements (images, icons, styles, javascript, etc.) you have on the website, the more connections must be established and the longer it takes.

The solution is to switch to HTTP/2. Unlike older versions of HTTP, which communicated in text form, HTTP/2 is binary and allows many more requests to be transmitted over a single connection. When switching to HTTP/2, there is an acceleration in the order of 100ms to 1 second.

We recommend that you ask your hosting provider if they support HTTP/2 and if your site also runs on HTTP/2.

Outdated application versions

Outdated versions of applications can slow down and even jeopardize your site. A large number of websites are programmed in PHP. However, there are big differences between the older version of the language (PHP 5) and the new version of PHP 7. The performance difference can be up to 50% and some functions in the newer version of PHP 7 are many times faster.

It is also very important to update the content management system and its plugins. An out-of-date content management system means a high-security risk.

Inappropriate hosting location

The more remote the server on which the site runs is, the more connections must be established and the more complex the overhead and the number of queries. For remote hostings, the communication speed can be in the order of tens of 100ms. So choose hosting that is close to the site visitors or use CDN, which we mention in one of the previous points.

Lack of readiness for traffic spikes

You’ve launched a campaign, a special promotion, or are running an ad on TV. A wave of visitors from various marketing channels is heading to your website. You’ve optimized everything for the most conversions and look forward to great results.
But have you thought about whether your site can handle it? Traffic spikes are great for your business as long as the hosting works as it should.

The fact that the website does not withstand high traffic is often caused by neglect of hosting preparations. Most often, the performance of hosting is underestimated and during peak hours it cannot handle multiple requests to view the website. Make sure your hosting provider is ready for peak hours. They should have a performance reserve and sufficient line capacity.

In addition to hosting, you also need to look directly at the application (your e-shop, catalog, website) and optimize the database. Make sure that the application does not make unnecessarily many queries to the database and that it does not happen to store content that does not belong in the database.

Summing things up

Website and e-shop operators often focus primarily on creating and caring for site content and optimizing the marketing funnel. However, their work can be ruined by hosting that is not optimized for speed, reliability, and security.

Although the cost of hosting is not one of the main items in the business, it is hosting that can ruin all the effort and plans. Therefore, it is necessary to host your website or e-shop with a quality provider who can advise and has tools for the smooth running of your business.


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